In 2023, a fifth of the resident population did not have the financial ability to keep the home adequately warm. In the European Union as a whole, this proportion reached the maximum value in Portugal and Spain (20.8%). In 2024, the proportion decreased to 15.7% in Portugal, being higher in the population at risk of poverty (30.9%) and in the elderly population (22.0%).

Data from the 2022/2023 Household Expenditure Survey indicate that expenditure on energy – electricity, gas and other fuels – represented an average of 5.2% of household monetary income. This expenditure was more than 25% of the monetary income in:

• 2.7% of households, regardless of at risk-of-poverty condition;

• 14.2% of households at risk-of-poverty.